SENTENCE (Independent Clause/Complete Sentence)
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Tek başına bir duygu, düşünce ya da eylemi tam olarak ifade ederler.
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En az bir özne ve yüklemden oluşur.
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Türkçeye çevrilince düzgün çekimlenmiş bir yüklemleri vardır.
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He was running on a treadmill.
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However, Adam denied the accusations.
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He is unaware of the looming danger.
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Tomatoes grow in the shade.
FRAGMENT (Dependent Clause/Incomplete Sentence)
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Tek başına bir duygu, düşünce ya da eylemi tam olarak ifade etmezler.
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Genellikle özneleri ya da yüklemleri eksiktir.
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Türkçeye çevrilince düzgün çekimlenmiş bir yüklemleri yoktur.
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The man running down the stairs
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Although Adam denied the accusations
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Unaware of the looming danger
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The tomato growing in the shade
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Mrs. Baker recognized for her popular poems
Fragment tek başına yazılamaz. Devamı gelmeli ya da Bir cümle içine yerleştirilmelidir.
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The man running down the stairs hurried to catch the departing train.
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The evidence against Adam was overwhelming, although he denied the accusations.
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Subordinators are Fragments
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SENTENCE (INDEPENDENT CLAUSE)
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FRAGMENT (DEPENDENT CLAUSE)
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He lies.
However, it rained.
Technology has improved communication.
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When he lies, …
Although it rained, …
Whereas technology has improved communication,..
Subordinating Conjunctions are all fragments:
When, After, Before, If, Unless
Although, Even though, While, Whereas,
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Relative Clauses are Fragments
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SENTENCE (INDEPENDENT CLAUSE)
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FRAGMENT (DEPENDENT CLAUSE)
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Active Voice:
The tomatoes grow in the shade.
The authorities have declared war.
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Active Voice:
Tomatoes, which grow in the shade ….
Tomatoes growing in the shade ….
The authorities who have declared war ….
The authorities having declared war ….
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Passive Voice:
Millions of dollars were stolen from the Central Bank.
Tomatoes are cultivated in greenhouses.
Mrs. Baker is recognized for her love poems.
Soldiers have been wounded.
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Passive Voice:
Millions of dollars which were stolen from the CB…
Millions of dollars stolen from the Central Bank…
Tomatoes, which are cultivated in greenhouses…
Tomatoes, cultivated in greenhouses …
Mrs. Baker, who is recognized for her love poems…
Mrs. Baker, recognized for her love poems…
Soldiers who had been wounded in the battle…
Soldiers having been wounded in the battle…
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Modifiers are Fragments
Appositive
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A visionary artist and thinker, Leonardo da Vinci left an indelible mark on art and science with his works like The Last Supper.
The inventor of the light bulb, Thomas Edison transformed modern living with his groundbreaking innovations.
The birthplace of democracy, Athens played a pivotal role in shaping Western political thought.
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Active Modifier
Ving
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Popularizing the wonders of the cosmos, Carl Sagan inspired millions through his writings and television series.
Advocating for girls’ education, Malala Yousafzai became a global voice for equality and empowerment.
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Passive Modifier
V3
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Recognized for his literary genius, William Shakespeare shaped English literature with timeless plays and sonnets.
Renowned for his innovative theories, Albert Einstein reshaped physics with his groundbreaking work on relativity.
Driven by a passion for justice, Nelson Mandela dedicated his life to ending apartheid in South Africa.
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